Grade 9-12
,
Lesson

Thinking on the Margin

Time: 60 mins,
Updated: August 8 2025,

Objective

The student will be able to:

  • Define marginal thinking and understand how they would apply it to their own decision making.
  • Define opportunity cost and understand how they would apply it to their own decision making.
  • Understand the difference between a sunk cost and an opportunity cost.

Thinking on the Margin

Economists believe in optimization, but what does this mean for everyday decision making? How do you make decisions such as how long to study for, whether to spend an extra 30 minutes watching TV, is college worth it, and the list goes on and on. Well, since economics is all about choices, thinking like an economist may help you with questions such as these and others. Thinking on the margin is the key to decision making. When we make decisions, we are making comparisons between alternatives. What opportunity are you giving up?

This lesson and video from Economics for Everyone will help you walk your students through decision-making like an economist. It may just change how they go about making everyday decisions in their lives, and how they think about decisions made by others.

 

Lesson Description and Resources

Thinking on the Margin activities

  1. Work or Netflix?  Decide on how to spend your weekend time budget.
  2. Watch the Thinking on the Margin video and answer comprehension questions about the video.
  3. Help Jayden with his job hunt by considering his opportunity cost and sunk cost.
  4. Work in groups to practice marginal thinking using student-centered scenarios.

Visit the Economics for Everyone website for more resources!